Analysis of The Song Candle in the Wind - 5850 Words

A HISTORICAL amp; BIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SONG â€Å"CANDLE IN THE WIND† BY ELTON JOHN A Literary Research Presented to The Faculty of Arts in Literature University of the Immaculate Conception Davao City In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Bachelor of Arts Degree, Major in Literature Submitted to Dr. Yda Yap Patron Professor Roxan Vee G. Tampos October 201 â€Å"Candle in the Wind† Goodbye England’s rose, May you ever grow in our hearts,You we’re the grace that place itself, When lives were torn apart. You called out to your country And you whispered to those in pain And now you belong to heaven And the stars spell out your name And it seems to me you live your life Like a candle in the wind Never†¦show more content†¦The first stanza shows the fall of England’s rose and to all the people who loves Diana after hearing the instance. Apparently, Diana never expect to be included in the royal family at first. It was fate which makes a way for her and Prince Charles to meet each other. The two fall in love, but fate becomes unkind to her suddenly when she found out unexpectedly two days before their wedding a bracelet that Charles had made for Camilla Parker Bowles, Charles long time mistress. †I can’t marry him, I can’t do this† Diana told her sister, â€Å"Well, bad luck, Duch they quipped. Your face is on the tea towels so you’ve too late to chicken out.† Since then, Diana said â€Å" There were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded.† Diana refused to accept the affair of Prince Charles to Camilla, whom she called â€Å"The Rottweiler.† Diana finally decided to have divorced with Prince Charles. Prime Minister John Major formally announced the separation of the Prince and Princess of Wales on December 9, 1992. Diana is not just blessed with beauty but she was also outspoken, rebellious, mischievous, approachable, and touchingly vulnerable. It is not a surprised that Diana is also like Helen of Troy, whose face can launch a thousand ships. Of all, the man who tries to win her heart again, there is only one who catches not only her attention, but also someone who loves her more than anything and it was Dodi Fayed. Dodi Fayed is the son of Mohamed AlShow MoreRelatedMedia and Metaphor Regarding Englands Rose Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthe royal family as to their terrible loss. Elton John was heart wre nched hearing the news that a great friend of his had passed. In 1972, â€Å"Candle in the Wind† was first created by Bernie Taupin and Elton John in tribute to Norma Jean Baker, or better known as Marilyn Monroe (Doyle, 2008). After the tragic death of Princess Diana he recreated â€Å"Candle in the Wind 1997† in tribute to the late humanitarian. In this essay I will discuss John’s recital of the rhetoric created for the audience of PrincessRead MoreEnglands Rose1828 Words   |  8 Pagesintrigued with her devotion, consideration, and graciousness. Diana’s wide and profound influence is seen in how popular Elton John’s tribute song â€Å"Candle in the Wind† was. In fact, according to Recording Industry Association of America, it became the best-selling single of all time (RIAA). Elton John united the world’s feelings of loss in his song â€Å"Candle in the Wind,† and though his purpose was generally ineffective, through hi s use of diction, imagery, and emotional tone he was able to speak for aRead MoreCharacter Analysis on the Conflicts and Themes of Godfather Death2303 Words   |  10 Pagesinformation is of secondary importance. Ex: Gone with the Wind. Types of Fiction: Fable: A brief story that sets forth some pointed statement of truth. Most fables involve animals endowed with human traits of character and consciousness but do at times involve astronomical bodies and natural physical forces with character traits as in â€Å"The North Wind and the Sun.† A fable customarily ends by explicitly stating its moral. Ex: â€Å"The North Wind and the Sun† (5-6) Parable: A brief narrative that teachesRead MoreWhat It Means For The American Identity2100 Words   |  9 Pagesthe American Identity. Families could choose to practice a religion, go to a school of their preference, and be treated fairly. Every July 4th, individuals celebrate this great country, America, and their involvement in the American Identity. The analysis of the American Identity is portrayed through four fundamental principles that support the right to â€Å"Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†, those being religion, education, equality, and freedom. In religion, with the core values of beliefRead More How are tension and suspense created in The Signalman and The Red2459 Words   |  10 Pagestension in their stories. Wells has written many classical books, which include â€Å"The Time Machine† and â€Å"War of the Worlds†. Dickens has written other illustrious books, such as â€Å"Christmas Carol†, â€Å"Great Expectations†, and â€Å"Oliver Twist†. Also in my analysis I will be briefly mentioning â€Å"The Clubfooted Grocer† (by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle), â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† (by W. Jacobs) and â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† by (Edgar Allan Poe). All of these celebrated stories, like most Victorian stories, are short andRead MoreThomas Hardy Poems16083 Words   |  65 Pagesit joy lies slain, And why unblooms the best hope ever sown? --Crass Casualty obstructs the sun and rain, And dicing Time for gladness casts a moan.... These purblind Doomsters had as readily strown Blisses about my pilgrimage as pain. HAP ANALYSIS Firstly the word hap means that which happens by chance. The poem is a sonnet, although it is presented as three stanzas in that the traditional octave is split into two stanzas each of four lines and the sestet is a stanza on its own. TheRead MoreThe Role and Function of the Fool in King Lear2999 Words   |  12 Pagesmadness. Some critics argue that The Fool actually is Cordelia or a representative of her. Others consider him to be an aspect of Lears alter ego. Technically Shakespeare seems to use the Fool as a vehicle for pity or as a dramatic chorus. The Fools songs, riddles and jokes are a source of comic relief, used to break up the intensity of scenes. The Fool appears to have a deceptively simple part in the play when in actual fact his role is of key significance. The Fool and Lear have a fascinating relationshipRead MoreThe Epithet in the Novel Jane Eyre18849 Words   |  76 Pagesaim. In our research we would like to concentrate our attention on â€Å"epithet†, a figure of speech which gives the opportunity to create the most expressive and vivid images. Despite the fact that there are many works devoted to the problem under analysis some important aspects such as structural - the lexical stylistic device the epithet as its component have not been fully investigated. This defines the actuality of the work and its theoretical value. The basic purpose of this course-paper is formulatedRead MoreStylistic Potential of the English Noun16714 Words   |  67 Pages-30 1.5.4 Stylistic potential of the category of article determination -34 Chapter Two. Analysis of examples taken from fiction on the basis of considered theoretical phenomena -42 2.1 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of gender -43 2.2 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of number -53 2.3 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of case -55 2.4 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of article determination Read MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pageslife enjoyment of life without fear writing defines the African-American heritage and celebrates their new identity as Americans Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · allusions in writing often refer to African-American spirituals uses the structure of blues songs in poetry (ex-repetition of key phrases) superficial stereotypes later revealed to be characters capable of complex moral judgments Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · this period gave birth to a new form of religious music called gospel music blues and jazz are

Essay on Jewish Marriage - 1203 Words

Marriage is a significant part of Judaism bringing together a woman and man under God’s reign. It is the mitzvah (122) â€Å"To marry a wife by means of ketubah and keddushin† (Deut 22:13), all Jewish adherents see marriage as a necessity in order to obey God and to experience the fullness of life. In Genesis God says: â€Å"It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him.† It is a link between individuals and the wider community as it recognises two individuals coming together, celebrated by the wider community. Also the marriage ceremony itself contains symbolic significance to Judaism, conveying Jewish beliefs through symbols, actions and words. The mitzvah of marriage is especially important as it involves what†¦show more content†¦During the preparations of the marriage a â€Å"ketubah† (pre-nuptial agreement) is presented from the groom to the bride (as the mitzvah of marriage states should happen). It is written in Aramaic, the original language used in the earlier generations showing the significance of tradition for Jews (mainly orthodox and conservative). This document outlines the responsibilities of the husband during the marriage and if the marriage terminates. It is important because it is the way the community can ensure the individuals are protected should something go wrong and there is support of the woman in case of death or divorce. Other preparations of marriage include the bride immersing in a mikvah (ritual bath) to cleanse herself for her new life with her husband. Also both bride and groom fast on the day of their wedding. Both these practices highlight the significance of marriage as they are both practices used to mark an important holy event in Judaism, for example, Jewish people fast on â€Å"Yom Kippur† the most holy day of the Jewish year. Preparing in this way allows the man and woman to mentally prepare themShow MoreRelatedEssay about A Jewish Marriage Ceremony1202 Words   |  5 PagesA Jewish Marriage Ceremony In Hebrew, marriage is referred to as Kiddush in (sanctification) or nisuin (elevation). Marrying a Jewish partner is important mainly for the sake of the children, because whether a child is Jewish or not is determined only by its mother. Before the wedding, the bride-to-be goes to the Mikveh, the special immersion pool where women go to cleanse themselves from impurity (usually menstruation) and to start fresh. In this case, the woman Read MoreComparative Study of Jewish Marriage and Hindu Marriage Essay4441 Words   |  18 PagesComparative Study of Jewish Marriage and Hindu Marriage PART - I INTRODUCTION: The Old Testament is the first part of the Holy Bible. Together with the New Testament, it forms the scripture that are sacred to Christians. Jews accept only the old Testament emphasizing the idea of covenant between God and His people, and contains a record of their history to show how faithfully they observed this covenant. As a cultural treasure, the Old Testament is one of the most important sourceRead MoreAbrahamic Religion: Judaism1538 Words   |  6 PagesRabbis believe in the â€Å"world to come.† (7). They believe that death is still part of life. The Torah is a holy book written in Hebrew and contains law that the Jews follow in their everyday life. It is the first part of the Tanakh, also know as the Jewish Bible. The Torah includes 613 commandments and the most important is the Ten Commandments. The Ten Commandments tells Jews what they should and should not do, the right and the wrongs. For example, it says, â€Å"you shall not murder.† which is prettyRead MoreBenefits Of A Year New Year898 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage is also like insurance. There is an actually marriage market in Shanghai. This is where parents shop for a spouse for their child. The parents will place on a board the child’s â€Å"credentials† since as degrees, skills, height, and also a picture. So other parents would literally shop around like one would shop for a new dress or suit. Another interesting thing is that divorce really isn’t an option. And even if a couple gets divorce it’s like an unspoken rule that they have at least one childRead MoreGluckel of Hameln’s Memoirs1010 Words   |  5 PagesGluckel of Hameln’s memoirs Gluckel of Hameln was a Jewish woman from Hamburg who lived in the seventeenth century. She wrote her lengthy memoirs in Yiddish. Her memoir is regarded to be one of the most important documents for European Jewish history written by a Jewish woman. The diary or the memoirs are addressed to her fourteen children. In 1690, Gluckel became a widow after the death of her husband and the memoirs were a therapeutic way to heal her wounded heart. The diary was used to takeRead MoreThe Jewish Community1330 Words   |  6 Pages For many members of the Jewish community, the nature of their identity has been a question that has shaped their position in the modern world. Does the term Jew only consider a group of religious followers? Or does the classification of Jew have much broader nationalistic implications? The Jews of the Habsburg Empire during the 18th and 19th centuries, and more specifically in the crown land of Galicia, began to reexamine their political identities. As German Liberalism grew in popularity someRead MoreThe Persecution Of The Ghetto Dug A Tunnel With The German Contributors1642 Words   |  7 Pagessacrifice and conservation of resources. Duty to others would be a principle each person of the group would learn well. The Bielski group had many rules in order to preserve daily operations and concealment. No pregnancies would be permitted. They had marriages, parties, sang and danced, whatever they had to do to keep spirits up. The enjoyment of the smallest moments would be the glue that held the group together in the toughest of times. The continuation of any happiness would be imperative to the dailyRead MoreGerman Jews During The Holocaust1869 Words   |  8 Pagespolitical mileage, Hitler faulted the Jews for Germany’s economic woes following the First World War. This further created a lot of negative feelings required for Hitler to come and rule Germany. He embarked on a mission geared towards imprisoning the Jewish people in concentration camps. In January 1937, 214,000 Jews by religious definition lived in Germany. The persecution of the Jews in 1940s took place in Germany and the surroundings of Europe (Bloom 106). Millions of Jews died in concentrationRead MoreSocial Implications and Consequences of the Hebrew Diaspora1576 Words   |  6 Pagesreally interesting. For some reason I like to learn about Jewish people and what happened to them over history. As you know the holocaust really set them back. I do not like the holocaust but I enjoy learning about what happened. Since I enjoy learning about it. I chose a question relating to that sort of topic but it is not exactly that topic. It focuses more on the people and what they did afterwards and even during it. I am personally not Jewish o Hebrew but I think that what happened to them hurtRead MoreJewish: The Diploma Project Analysis Essay559 Words   |  3 Pagesto spread the Jewish propaganda and to show the only information which is relevant to the public. Furthermore, they consider that America has become a tool in the hands of the Jews to rebuild the state of Israel and to the enrichment of the Jewish community. They also claim that t he whole world is financially dependent from the Jewish nation. All of these statements lead to the fact that Jews are hostile perceived by other nations. The idea of this thesis is to show that the Jewish community largely

Thus I Refute Beelzy free essay sample

Thus I Refute Beelzy is a mind-boggling example of a short story that compels the readers mind to untangle the fascinating yarn that is spun by the author, John Collier. Collier wanted to send a buried message to his readers, to let them figure out what he meant on their own. Indeed, the significance of the story will be slightly different for everyone, effectively a custom story for everyone who reads it, yet the main purpose Collier had in mind prevails; that in everyone there is evil. Throughout the work, we are given no indication as to the finale of the story. Of course, the reader will have a premonition that some ill will come to Simon as his father continually threatens him, If you cant learn it at one end, you shall learn it at the other. heightening the emotion we feel for the unjustly treated young child and the suspense we feel regarding his outcome. We will write a custom essay sample on Thus I Refute Beelzy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not even a single piece of foreshadowing is there to prepare us for the fate of Mr. Carter, thus making the ending so much more shocking and inexplicable to the reader. Nevertheless the reader can not just walk away from the story without pondering how the author thought to scribe this violent conclusion. However, this illustrates the most prominent point of Colliers writing genius because it gets the reader thinking about the idea behind the story. Admittedly, this is a most thought provoking tale. Though the question of exactly which thought Collier was trying to place in our minds remains. When we read the story, we can not help but think how normal everything seems until the end, just like our world, or at least like our world in mid-20th century Britain. We refuse to include the shocking ending into our world, when in fact that is the intention of the story. The denial our society possesses when faced with the evil part of it is exactly what Collier was trying to showcase. Mr. Beelzy, a reference to Beelzebub, a demon who is closely tied with the devil, is dismissed as unreal in the readers psyche at first. This is a reflection of societys ignorance of the wickedness that reigns yet in todays world. Nonetheless, some might find the process of exploring and analyzing tedious and superfluous. Collier could very well have written exactly what e meant instead of going through a whole story to come to the same conclusion, but the use of the story forces us to draw our preliminary judgments, and gives us the perspective and successfully the proof that we as individuals do in fact think in this way, as opposed to him informing us that we do. Therefore, Colliers short story is a valuable analysis of society and its refusal to admit that evil exists within everyone. It is a piece of noteworthy literature, both in stylistic form and in subject matter, well worth the time of consideration that one must utilize in order to discover the authors rationale.

Management of Risk and Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Management of Risk and Strategy. Answer: Introduction Risk in the business refers to the situation that the organization will have lower profit that the company was anticipated due to various reasons. These reasons are called the risks or the risk factor (Dionne 2013). In this regard, the management of risk is a crucial aspect for any business organization. Management of risk or risk management is the process to forecast and evaluate the risks involved in the business. The next step in risk management is to develop the ways by which the risks can be mitigated or minimized (Sadgrove 2016). There are the major stages in any kind of risk management process. Logistics business is one of the growing businesses all over the world. Todays logistics businesses are providing advance solution part from delivering various kinds of goods. They are planning of the successful execution of worldwide meetings, senior meetings, various kinds of meetings and others. Due to the increase in the field of operation for the logistics companies, the risks have also been increased. Hence, it is the utmost responsibility of those logistics companies to implement an effective risk management strategy in order to minimize the business risks (Lam 2014). Risk Management Strategy As discussed earlier, management of risk is one of the major aspects of any business organization. In case of the logistics businesses, the nature of the business increases the amount of risks. Hence, it is needed for the logistics organizations to prepare an effective risk management strategy. In this regards, Risk Management Life Cycle is a major approach in order to minimize the risks involved in the businesses (Ghaffari, Sheikhahmadi and Safakish 2014). In the process of Risk Management Life Cycle, there are four stages. They are identification of the risks, the assessment of the impact of the risks, risk prioritization analysis and risk mitigation planning, implementation and monitoring of progress (Hopkin 2017). Figure 1: Risk Management Life Cycle (Source: Haimes 2015) As per the figure, it can be seen that there are four stages in the Risk Management Life Cycle. The first step is the identification of potential risks in an international organization. In this process, the risk management team identifies the business events that are the potential of risks in the organization. After that, those identified business activities are analyzed in order to measure the extent of risks. This is done in order to identify the risks in the organization. The output of this particular step is that the risks in the organization can be identified with the help of this step. The second stage in the risk management life cycle is to assess the impact of those identified risks on the business. In this step, the impact of those risks is measured in terms of costs, technical performance and others. This step is done in order to measure the risks in respect of various aspects in the organization. As the output of this step, the identified risks are ranked based on the impa ct of them on the organization (Pritchard and PMP 2014). The next step in this process is to prioritize the indentified risk in order to make appropriate strategies. In this step, the identified risks are ranked based on the nature. The prioritization of the risks is the output of this step. The last step in this cycle is to plan, implement and monitor the process of risk minimization. In this process, as per the priority, the risk minimization strategies are developed and implemented. After that, a monitoring process is implemented. The main output of this step is the minimization of the risks identified. The risk management team is solely responsible for the success of this step (Chance and Brooks 2015). Risk Management Strategy of WACO Global Logistics The main aim of the study is to develop a risk management strategy for an international logistics company. For this purpose, WACO Global Logistics Company is taken into consideration. WACO is a global logistics company that arranges various types of conferences, senior meetings that involves high-level delegations (waco-system.com 2017). As per the above discussion, it can be seen that one of the major business activities of WACO Global Logistics is to arrange high level of conferences, meeting and events. In this kind of business activities, there are two major kinds of risks involved. The first risk is the Theft and Corruption of important data from business. The second risk is the withdrawal of sponsorship from the major event or conferences. These two major risks are identified from the business activities of WACO Global Logistics. There are instances that the major data and information from an important meeting has been lost due to various reasons. It can be theft of those important data and information; on the other hand, they can be corrupted due to major technical faults. Whatever, the reasons are, it can be said that this is major risk. The second risk is sponsorship withdrawal. It can be happened that due to the some major issue, the sponsors of an important conference or event refuse to fund that particula r event. This is a major risk for WACO Global Logistics as it can hamper the profitability of the organization along with the goodwill of the company. This is the reason this is considered as a manor risk for the logistics organizations. based on the above discussion, it can be observed that there is a need for effective risk management strategies in order to minimize these two major risks in the organization. In order to make the necessary strategies to mitigate these two risks, some steps need to be followed. They are discussed below: Identification of Potential Risks There are various kinds of methods to identify the risks in an organization. There is no exception of this fact in case of WACO Global Logistics. The above study shows the two kinds of major potential threats in the business of WACO Global Logistics. In case of the first risk that is the theft and corruption of important data and information, the comprehensive database of the past events has been taken into consideration. As per the past data, it can be seen that there are several instances in the past where there were cases for the loss of important data and information. As per the investigation, it has been seen that the major reason behind this was the theft and corruption of data and information. Due to this, the organization had to face many difficulties. That is why this is considered as a major potential threat for WACO Global Logistics as it has a high probability of occurrence with high impact on the business. In case of the second risk, the database of the organization along with the interaction with the employees of WACO Global Logistics is used for the purpose of identification of the potential risk. The database of the company helps show the instances of this kind of risks that took place in the past. In addition, this kind of risk can be identified by interacting with the employees of the organization. In this regard, the process of brainstorming is a useful tool to identify the risks. These methods are used to identify these two types of risks in WACO Global Logistics (Pinedo and Walter 2013). Assessment of the Potential Risks with the Help of Information After the process of risk identification, the next process is the assessment of these risks. In this particular process, various kinds of information within the organization are used to assess the impact of the risks on the various business operations of WACO Global Logistics. First, the financial and accounting information are required to assess the impact of these risks on the profitability of the company. After that, the information about the technical performance of the company is used to assess the impact of these risks on the performance of the company. Apart from these two sources of information, other sources help to assess the impact of the risks on the capability or the function ability of the company (Bromiley et al. 2015). Reasons for the Allocation of Risk Management Responsibilities It is utmost important for every business organizations to allocate the risk management responsibilities internally and externally. There are various reasons for the allocation of risk management responsibilities. Five of them are discussed below: For the successful development and implementation of risk management strategies, it is important to allocate the responsibilities among the internal and external members of the organization (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). It is important to allocate the risk management responsibilities on internal and external basis in order mitigate the potential risks of the organization. For the successful completion of the risk management procedures of an organization, it is important to allocate the risk management responsibilities among the members of the organization (Drennan, McConnell and Stark 2014). One of the most important reasons for the allocation of risk management responsibilities is that this process helps the risk managers to allocate the total process of risk management among the credible employees of the organization. The success of the risk management process vastly depends on this process (Slovic 2016). Another reason of allocating the risk management responsibilities is that it helps to improve the business processes of the organizations. Process of Communication of Identified Risks In the process of risk management, it is important to communicate the risk management strategy with the other member of the organization. This process helps to raise constructive feedback on the risk management process. There are some processes or methods to communicate the identified risks as per the operational objectives. First, it is important for the employees of the organization to understand the process of risk management. For the successful communication of risk management strategies, this is the first criteria. For the purpose of risk management communication, there needs to be a committee in the organization that will be responsible for the communication of risk management strategies. Small meetings are effective tools for the communication of risk management strategies. Meetings help to gather organizational people in the same place that helps the successful communication of risk management strategies. Brainstorming is another effective method of communicating the risk man agement strategies in an organization. This is the best process to get positive as well as constructive feedbacks of the risk management strategy. With the help of questionnaires and surveys, an organization can communicate the risk management strategies in an organization (Gutteling 2015). Risk Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy The development and implementation of risk management strategy is not enough unless there is are the strategies of monitoring and evaluation of that risk management strategy. In the case of risk monitoring, there is not any risk monitoring format. Different organizations adopt different kinds of strategies. In case of WACO Global Logistics, there need to be a team responsible for the monitoring of the risk management process. For this purpose, the risk tolerance team needs to establish a link between the risk appetite and risk tolerance of the organization. Based on this, the organization needs to develop the risk monitoring strategy. In addition, the risk monitoring team needs to update the latest status of the risk management process so that one can judge the progress of the risk management process (Saunders et al. 2015). After the process of monitoring, it is needed to evaluate the risk management strategy of the organization. As per the monitoring team, there will be team that will be responsible for the evaluation of the risk management strategy. This is the responsibility of the team to closely evaluate the performance of the risk management strategy. This can be done by observing the difference between the present situation and the wanted situation of the risk management process. This process will help the team to determine that whether there is any need for change or not. The further evaluation will help to determine what type of change will be needed in the risk management process (Li 2014). Risk Reporting Requirements As per the above discussion, there are two kinds of potential risks in WACO Global Logistics. There are some requirements the reporting of these risks in the organization. The first requirement is to disclose all the necessary risk related information for the purpose of risk management. Hence, the necessary disclosure of risk related information is necessary. The second requirement is to focus on the quantitative information about the risks of the organization. The detailed analyzed risk related information assist in an effective risk reporting. The third requirement is to maintain a list of the principal risks of the organization. In the case of WACO Global Logistics, both the major risks need to be mentioned in the risk documents. The next requirement is to highlight the current concern regarding the risk management of the organization. The last requirement of risk reporting is to review the risk management process of the organization on a regular basis (Bennett 2016). Conclusion and Recommendation Based on the total study, it can be said that there are for major steps in the risk management process of any business organization. They are risk identification, risk impact assessment, risk prioritization, development, and evaluation of risk management strategy. There are two major risks for WACO Global Logistics; they are the theft and corruption of important business data and information; and the withdrawal of sponsorship. A risk management strategy needs to be made in order to mitigate these two business risks of WACO Global Logistics. In case of WACO Global Logistics, the risk management process will include the identification of risks in the organization. After that, the impact of those risks need to be assesses with the help of the information of the organization. After that a well-developed and effective risk management strategy need to be made. It is recommended that WACO Global Logistics should follow the above process to mitigate the identified business risks. References Bennett, M., 2016. An industry ontology for risk data aggregation reporting.Journal of Securities Operations Custody,8(2), pp.132-145. Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A. and Rustambekov, E., 2015. Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions.Long range planning,48(4), pp.265-276. Chance, D.M. and Brooks, R., 2015.Introduction to derivatives and risk management. Cengage Learning. Dionne, G., 2013. Risk management: History, definition, and critique.Risk Management and Insurance Review,16(2), pp.147-166. Drennan, L.T., McConnell, A. and Stark, A., 2014.Risk and crisis management in the public sector. Routledge. Ghaffari, M., Sheikhahmadi, F. and Safakish, G., 2014. Modeling and risk analysis of virtual project team through project life cycle with fuzzy approach.Computers Industrial Engineering,72, pp.98-105. Gutteling, J.M., 2015.Risk communication. John Wiley Sons, Inc.. Haimes, Y.Y., 2015.Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Hopkin, P., 2017.Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Lam, J., 2014.Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Li, W., 2014.Risk assessment of power systems: models, methods, and applications. John Wiley Sons. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Pinedo, M. and Walter, I. eds., 2013.Global asset management: strategies, risks, processes, and technologies. Springer. Pritchard, C.L. and PMP, P.R., 2014.Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Saunders, D.E. and Newhouse, J.D., Verizon Patent and Licensing Inc., 2015.Method and system for monitoring high risk users. U.S. Patent 9,129,257. Slovic, P., 2016.The perception of risk. Routledge. The WACO System. (2017).General Meetings. [online] Available at: https://www.waco-system.com/general_meetings/# [Accessed 11 Feb. 2017].

Black People and Larger Racial Minorities free essay sample

Associate Program Material Racial Diversity: Historical Worksheet Answer the following questions in 100 to 250 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. * Throughout most of U. S. history, in most locations, what race has been in the majority? What is the common ancestral background of most members of this group? White people have been the majority of the population. The common ancestral background of most of the members in this group are Europeans. * What are some of the larger racial minorities in U. S. history? What have been the common ancestral backgrounds of each of these groups? When did each become a significant or notable minority group? Whites and blacks are a larger race in us. Europeans are the common ancestral background of whites and African American common ancestral background was from the west. The whites became a significant minority group in the 1600’s and blacks became a significant minority group in the 1800’s * In what ways have laws been used to enforce discrimination? Provide examples. We will write a custom essay sample on Black People and Larger Racial Minorities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These laws were intended against which racial minorities? Laws have been enforcing discrimination by making sure that all races have the same opportunity at a job. This is the civil rights act and it was made so that blacks and other races could all have a fair chance at a job and could not be rejected because of their race. If a black person would try to get a job and not get hired but a white person goes in and has everything the same as the black person but gets hired the black person can take that company to court for discrimination. These laws where intended for all racial minorities so everyone has the same opportunity. * In what ways have laws been used to eliminate discrimination? Provide examples. Did the laws work to eliminate discrimination? Allowing blacks and white to attend the same schools and allowing them to sit anywhere on a bus. Back years ago blacks had to sit in the back of the bus and if a white person needed a seat they had to give up theirs, as far as the schooling goes now black and whites can go to the same schools. I think the laws worked to eliminate discrimination because you do not see anyone making a black person move for a white person or having a school with only white kids. They laws have helped us become one country instead of 2 and everyone has a better look at each other now that we can combine races.

Economic Reasons For American Independence Essays - Stamp Act

Economic Reasons For American Independence Essays - Stamp Act Economic Reasons for American Independence Eleven years before America had declared it's independence there was 1,450,000 white and 400,000 Negro subjects of the crown. The colonies extended from the Atlantic to the Appalachian barrier. The life in these thirteen colonies was primarily rural, the economy based on agriculture, most were descended from the English, and politics were only the concern of land owners. Throughout these prosperous colonies, only a small portion of the population were content with their lives as subjects of George III. Most found it hard to be continually enthusiastic for their King sitting on his thrown, thousands of miles away. Despite this there were few signs of the upcoming revolution. The occasional call for democracy and liberty were written off by loyalists. Among the upper class feelings of loyalty to the crown were strong and eloquently expressed. The attitudes of the common people mirrored their counterparts in England. They had a combination of indifference and obeisance. To the present day American this is quite difficult to believe. However, all of this can be explained by Benjamin Franklin, "I never had heard in any Conversation from any Person drunk or sober, the least Expression of a wish for a Separation, or Hint that such a Thing would be advantageous to America." However all of this did not last for long. In the summer and fall of the same year, the colonists gave up their habits of submission and a new people emerged. The Stamp Act ignited the furies of the colonists. The people refused to pay, especially the colonial upper class. The match that had been lit was put out was put out by the repealing of this act. The match, however, did not go out. Many historians have pondered upon the events and forces that drove the American people to rebellion against their mother country. This was important but it still eluded the historians to find out what made this people ripe for rebellion, or, more exactly, what was there about the continental colonies in 1765 that made them so willing to engage in open defiance of a major imperial policy? One of the proposed answers, arguably the best known, was volunteered by one of the causes of the revolution, John Adams in 1818. "The Revolution was effected before the was commenced. The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people. . . . This radical change in the principles, opinions, sentiments, and affections of the people, was the real American Revolution." Adams, in a sense, argued that even before the first shot of war, there had existed a collective outlook called the American mind, whose chief characteristics were self-reliance, patriotism, practicality, and the love of liberty, with liberty defined as freedom from alien dictation. It was the dictation of shortsighted ministers of an equally shortsighted king that pushed the American mind to assert itself boldly for the first time. Adams had not found it necessary to describe in detail the forces that had produced this mind. A reason for this had been the extraordinary student of political relations, Edmund Burke had already given a perceptive description. In his speech on conciliation with the colonies, Burke singles out "six capital sources" to account for the American "love of freedom," and strong sense of liberty. These capital sources were: their English descent; their popular forms of government; "religion in the northern provinces"; "manners in the southern"; education; and "the remoteness of the situation from the first mover of government." In his and Adam's praise was a recognition that this liberty rested on firm and fertile ground. All of this was rounded off by Alexis de Tocqueville. He revealed the unique nature of the American Republic: "The great advantage of the Americans is that they have arrived at a state of democracy without having to endure a democratic revolution" or to stare the thesis in terms of 1776, the Americans already enjoyed the liberty they were fighting for. The first ingredient of American Liberty was the peoples heritage from England. Burke had acknowledged this "capitol source". He explained that the colonists were the descendants of Englishmen, a people who respects their freedom. The first colonists had brought over both good and evil of their mother country

Health Promotion and Prevention Project for Elderly Essay

Health Promotion and Prevention Project for Elderly - Essay Example It is therefore crucial that a health care worker or a nurse should take utmost care of them keeping the primary and secondary preventive measures in apprehension. Various studies have been conducted to formulate that about 45% of the US population is known to have one or more chronic illness and this illness account for 78% of all health care spending. It is estimated that longevity in women is more as compared to men, women of the age group 65- 85 relates to 80% of the chronic condition whereas only 33% of men of that age are known to have chronic illness (http://www.ahrq.gov/news/ulp/chronic/ulpchron1.htm). Elderly are known to suffer from illness like Hypertension, Arthritis, Hearing impairment, Sinusitis, Orthopaedic impairments like replacement of knee joint, hip joint or accidents especially elderly population has more fall rate, Vision impairment, Heart disease, Hay fever, Cataracts. (http://hpi.georgetown.edu/agingsociety/pdfs/chronic.pdf). As people live longer more concern is required for chronic illness since immunity to chronic illness cannot be developed (http://hpi.georgetown.edu/agingsociety/pdfs/chronic.pdf). It is a matter of great apprehension as the entire family is involved and associates have to change their lifestyles.

National security policymaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National security policymaking - Essay Example An ideal civil-military relationship is one where civil leadership provides the broad political and security objectives, while military leadership is primarily concerned with the execution of such civilian policies on the field (Elliot, 2002:2). The military institution functions on the basis of a set of values that restricts individual behavior since it emphasizes organizational success and victory in war over the elevation of personal goals.3 However as Feaver and Kohn (2000) point out, since there is currently an absence of an urgent threat to the nation’s security, democratic society will not support an adequate military, as a result of which the military’s loyalty to civilian authority is likely to diminish. Hooker (2003-4) asserts that civilian control over the military is undisputed, since Presidential approval is required for all senior military officers and Congressional approval is mandated for all officer promotions4. Military structure, pay and budgets are regulated by civilians, therefore civilian authority can disregard independent military advice. However, as Hooker points out, the reality is that civilian authority which attempts to force the military to do its bidding may pay a political price, since opposition parties are likely to exploit such differences of opinion, especially in war time. Besides, political leaders consistently seek affirmation from the military for their programs and policies. Military leaders are obligated to testify honestly to Congress about policy decisions affecting their service – especially those they disagree with, while simultaneously refraining from publicly exposing differences within the Administration due to the acknowledged preceden ce of civilian authority, which again blurs the dividing line between civil and military. A survey conducted by Hooker5 demonstrates that the civil-military gap is widening, with the increasingly

Solar pawered heat pump Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Solar pawered heat pump - Literature review Example Within the heat pump, solar collectors replace the air source evaporator since they possess the ability of direct expansion3. Solar powered heat pumps utilize solar energy as their main energy source. The heat pump collects energy from the surrounding air and solar radiation; this ability allows the pump to function even when solar energy is not present. Glazing helps in the prevention of heat loss in some solar heat pumps but the cooler fitted in the pump allows it to operate at temperatures lower than the surrounding air thus it does not require glazing4. The Rankine refrigeration cycle is a core part of the solar powered heat pump, which increases its performance. It works with the solar collector, which is the evaporator, and the refrigeration component expands directly in the evaporator and absorbs the solar energy. Other solar powered heat pumps come as complete packages and do not need field assembly5. The heat pump is cost-effective and can achieve the maximum thermal capacity that is required to heat water. They are good alternatives to use either domestically or for industrial use. The sun generates two major forms of energy, which under specific conditions undergo transformation to produce solar power. The conversion of light to electricity uses a method known as photovoltaics. The other form of the sun’s energy, which is heat, undergoes conversion via the concentrated solar power. It mainly employs the use of lenses and concentrates a large beam of light to a small beam. It has a parabolic trough which concentrates the light to a working fluid, which after it heats up it produces heat6. A photovoltaic cell is the device that is responsible for converting sunlight into electricity. These cells generate direct current and are installed in modules then bound to an inverter to produce the frequency for AC. Solar power has passed through time after improvement and new discoveries from its

Management By Objectives MBO Commerce Essay

Management By Objectives MBO Commerce Essay According to George Odiome, MBO is a process whereby superior and subordinate managers of an Organization jointly define its common goals, define each individuals major areas of responsibility in terms of results expected of him and use these measures as guides for operating the unit and assessing the contribution of each of its members. Management by objectives was first popularized by Peter Drucker in 1954 book The Practice of Management. Drucker drafted MBOs as an approach to get the management and employees to jointly set goals to achieve known as objectives. The main purpose for setting objectives was to give both the managers and employees a clear understanding of what they were expected to do in the organization in order to achieve the objectives set. The objectives were set during certain time periods which at the end of the period two evaluative performances are carried out to determine the extent to which the set objectives had been achieved. An example of an objective includes attaining a sales or profit target by the end of a financial year. In the modern world of business where gaining competitive over competitors has became one of the main goals by organization, Management by Objective has become one of the most widely accepted philosophy of management as stated by Gaurav Akrani 2010. One of the factors that has made MBO the most acceptable management approach is its demanding and rewarding styles of management. MBO further received recognition when it becomes an integral part of The HP way. Hewlett-Packard incorporated this management technique at every level within the company; managers had to develop objectives and integrate them with those of other mangers and of the company as a whole. (The Economist, 2009) This approach focuses attention on the achievement of objectives through involvement of the concerned parties. For example trough building strong team spirit as MBO is mainly based on the assumption that people achieve more when they know what is expected of them and can relate their personal goals to organizat ional objectives. Other features of MBO include good subordinate participation, joint goal setting, support and encouragement from top level manager to subordinates. MBO is a democratic style of management approach where every subordinate is involved and encouraged to participate towards achieving organizational objectives. MBO is an approach to planning that aims to overcome barriers that might stop an organization from achieving its objectives. It involves the setting up of goals by managers and their subordinate working together by specifying responsibilities and assigning authority for achieving the goals. The final step involves constant monitoring of performance so as to initiate continuous improvement. Features of Management of Objectives The following are the prominent characteristics of MBO All activities are goal oriented. The first important feature of the MBO is that under it all the activities happen to be goal-oriented (Dr.R.Singla 2010-11). This means that MBO concentrates on the determination of unit and individual goals in with organizational goals. These goals set state responsibilities of different parts of the organization and help to coordinate the organization with its parts and its environment. Integration among Organizational, Departmental and Objectives: the basis of the MBO is setting of Objectives jointly by the supervisors and subordinates and their effective realization (Dr.R.Singla 2010-11) With the MBO approach the objectives are decide in the following order Figure 1 Organizational Objectives Department Objectives Personal Objectives The above figure shows that first of all the objectives of the organization are set. Then the departmental objectives are decided which must be in line with the objective of the organization. The third sub step is personal objectives which involves individual objectives being determined first before departmental objectives can be achieved. To sum it up this process is followed to minimize clashes or oppositions at any level regarding the determined objectives. MBO views organization as Dynamic Entity: this feature considers the organization as a dynamic entity. This means that every organization is affected by various external and internal factors therefore the organization is considered to be a dynamic unit. The dynamic nature affects the objectives which as a result make it possible that the objectives set today may not be realized. In such an event the organization might be forced act swiftly to change its objectives MBO is a Participative Attempt: the MBO process is characterized by high level of participation of the concerned people in goal setting and performance appraisal (Kuldeep 2010). Increased participation provides the opportunity to influence decisions and make clear job relationship with managers and their subordinates. MBO Matches the Objectives and Resources: The objectives set when the MBO approach is adopted by organization are based on the resources available so as to avoid having incomplete tasks or activities because of the lack of resources. Dr.R.Singla. (2010-11). MBO is a Philosophy and not a Technique: MBO is not a technique of management but its a philosophy, because a technique can only be applied or used in a one department and its effects will only be felt on the particular department. For example an inventory technique can only be used in relation to stock control and it cannot be used in another department like HRM. MBO gives more emphasis to Review and Performance Appraisal: regular appraisal of the work performance of employees form one the important characteristics of MBO. This Philosophy helps observe whether all the employees are performing at the expected level and also identify if there is any impediments in their work performance. MBO provides more freedom to Subordinates: with MBO Philosophy the subordinates are not only associated with the task of coming up with the objectives but they also get complete freedom in the performance of their work. This philosophy gives them the right to make decisions related to their designation and as a result this increases their importance which improves their interest and job satisfaction. MBO gives more emphasis to results and not to work: with the MBO philosophy more focus is given to results. The subordinates have the freedom to choose which technique to adopt to achieve the final result. This means that the subordinates are expected to give the best possible results regardless of the technique used. Steps in Management by Objectives Planning Peter Drucker identified fives steps for MBO as shown in figure 1 http://www.mindtools.com/media/MBO.jpg Source (http://www.mindtools.com) The five steps explained Set of organizational Objectives: this is the first step which involves setting of the organizational objectives. Objective setting begins with the conducting of an internal and external analysis to determine the level of efficiency, threats and opportunities. Cascading Objective Down to Employees: This second stages involves communicating of the set goals and objectives from the top level management to subordinates till they reach everyone. Drucker used the SMART acronym to make as a tool to make the make MBO objective setting more effective so as to set goals that were attainable and to which workers felt accountable to For example the founder of Microsoft corporation Bill Gates adopted a MBO approach to keep every employee informed the about the companys objectives by following the guidelines below Eliminate politics, by giving everybody the same message. Keep a flat organization in which all issues are discussed openly. Insist on clear and direct communication Prevent competing Missions or objectives Eliminate rivalry between different parts of the organization Empower teams to do their own things Source (www.1000advices.com) Encourage Participation in Goal Setting: step three aims to get everyone to understand how their personal goals fit in with the objective of the organization. This is done when goals and objectives at all levels are shared and discussed so as to get everyone understand how things are conducted and then sets their own goals that are in line with the organization objectives. Monitor: this stage involves developing actions plans after setting objectives, it is important to establish a proper monitoring system which keeps track of the progress made towards achieving the set goals, the monitoring system helps the organization identify deviations or barriers that could slow down the organization from achieving its goals. If any barriers are identified then the corrective actions are taken to set the organization on the right course Evaluate and Reward Performance. This last step involves rewarding the desired performance. MBOs main focus is to improve performance at all levels so as to achieve higher efficiency. In order to ensure this happen a good evaluation system has to be put in place to evaluate employees performance and in turn motivate employees as they strive to achieve the set objectives. Advantages of Management by Objectives Over the years since Peter Drucker popularized this philosophy it has become one of the widely adopted by organizations because of the various advantages One of the advantages of MBO is that it improves resource and activity management (Rahman 2009). This leads to better utilization of available of resources and this can be beneficial to the organization in many ways. One is the increase in efficiency which reduces wastage and improves productivity which as a result would lead to increased profits for the organization. The second advantage is that MBO keeps every employee informed. Since all the employees in the organizations are encouraged to participate in setting the objectives, all of them know their responsibilities. This guides employees to work better as their responsibilities are clearly outlined and reduce the possibility of them going off track The third advantage is that MBO improves employees motivation. Involving all employees in decision making make employees feel valued by the organization and due to this employee commitment is improved. This can good for the organization because a motivated and committed workforce will strive to do their best and in turn help the organization achieve its desired results. The forth advantage of MBO is that it facilitates effective control. Due to the continuous monitoring approach employed by MBO this can be useful in guiding the organization to achieve better results. The Monitoring system can be used to by the organization to gauge the performance against the laid down standard and undesired deviations are corrected in time. The fifth advantage of MBO is that it encourages innovations. (Drucker, P. (1986). The MBO philosophy puts more focus on the results in order to achieve the objectives rather than procedure to achieve the objectives. This gives subordinates freedom on how, which method to employ in order to achieve the required results. This can be beneficial to the organization as innovation help an organization gain competitive advantage trough new ideas and products. Disadvantages of Management by Objectives However as much Management by Objective may be beneficial to organizations there some limitations or disadvantages worth being mentioned. The first disadvantage is that MBO put employees under pressure. MBO being a result focused philosophy pressure is exerted on all the levels of the organization so as to attain the objectives. This might a bad thing for the organization as pressured employees might be stressed out due to the emphasis put on results within the organization and this could lead to high labour turnover. This could cost the organization a fortune as the organization could be forced to recruit and train new employees. The second disadvantage is that MBO is time consuming. In order for MBO to be successful regular meetings and exchange of reports have to be conducted. This means managers have to speed a lot time in attending and preparing reports for the meetings while they could be focusing in performing important tasks that are over looked. These over looked could create a hindrance of in attaining the objectives laid down. The third disadvantage is that MBO puts more importance to short term objectives. In order for an organization to achieve it ultimate goals and success the long term and short term goals should be given equal importance. However the MBO philosophy tends to give more attentions to the short term objectives and due to this employees are more concerned by the short term objectives. This creates a situation where they want to be successful at any cost within the shortest time possible and such a situation could be costly to the organization in the long run. CONCLUSION Management by Objectives might be seen as an outdated management philosophy by modern managers today but I believe it still has a place in modern management.If carefully aligned with the culture of the organization MBO can be quite beneficial to the any organization as from this report the advantages out weight the disadvantages. Also For example Intel has been successive due to the use of MBO However as stated by Drucker MBO is just another tool. It is not the great cure for management inefficiency à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Management by objectives works if you know the objectives: 90% of the time you dont. In order for MBO to be successful in Modern management managers and subordinates must closely work together to constantly update their short term and long term objectives from time to time due to the ever change business environment. Also an effective communication structure has to be place to as to allow managers and subordinates to easily set and communicate objectives to all concerned e mployees.

The Significance of the Beginning Chapter of Frank McCourts Angelas Ashes :: Essays Papers

The Significance of the Beginning Chapter of Frank McCourts Angelas Ashes He is just another poor Irish boy. His story is of poverty, emotional struggles, and growing up. Have we not read about that already? Everyone thinks their childhood is unique, but do we not all have basically the same experiences? Frank McCourt experiences events similar to other children, but that fact is forgotten once the reader begins Angela’s Ashes. Actual reality becomes less important than this little boy’s perception of reality, upon which the focus is set and remains there throughout the book. McCourt is not telling the story of what happened, but rather of how the events related to his own development. He draws the reader into himself by writing in the first person and using a personal tone which always reflects his outlook. In the first chapter, he inconspicuously establishes himself as the only character in his memoir, causing the reader not to follow him through his childhood, but to become him as a child. â€Å"People everywhere brag and whimper about the woes of their early years, but nothing can compare with the Irish version†(1), McCourt writes as he begins to describe the world in which he grows up. For he creates a separate world for himself, where people he knows wander in and out whenever they can hold his attention. McCourt’s world serves as a coping mechanism as well as an expression of his creativity. He surrounds himself with the depressing truth about his home and family, but brings in each morsel of truth with his own explanation, often humorous, thus exposing himself only to his interpretation of reality. McCourt’s task is to contain his world in the four hundred sixty pages of the book and to have the reader immersed by the end of the first chapter. The opening pages provide a foundation for McCourt, himself, and for his perception, enabling the reader to follow his stream-of-consciousness sentences throughout the book. He gives a flash preview of the book’s content on the first page, giving the reader an idea of what he is getting into. McCourt then abruptly interrupts himself (which becomes common throughout the book) as though he has forgotten to mention some pertinent fact, and then proceeds to introduce his parents. Although he is now writing from his parents’ point of view, the reader is quite aware that this is still McCourt’s interpretation of their story.

Why would you carry a dead body on your back?

Would you like it if someone killed you just so they could wear your skin? Would you like to be somebody else's jacket or shoe or handbag? No. So why not say no to cruelty that targets animals just because they cannot say â€Å"no†? Animals shouldn't have to die just because people want their fur. Have you ever seen a pup that's skinned alive? Probably not, but I've seen it. Since then I can't sleep well. Nowadays, when I look at my two year old son, I think the same thing: How would I feel if any creature that was vastly superior to human being was doing the same thing to him. This is my nightmare. Is it possible to understand how a human being kills an animal that can look into the eyes of its killer in full of pain? Read this â€Å"The Secrets of Haiti’s Living Dead† I believe many of you may wish to wear fur because it looks posh and elegant. Especially, when you are young you may not be paying attention to the things happening around you. Therefore; I would like you to imagine that someone has just killed you so they could wear your skin to look nice and feel warm. Now can you try to explain how the feeling was: What is pleasant to get killed because someone wants to wear your skin? Of course, there is no such a word describes this horror. I am sure you all who read this article think that â€Å"This horrible slaughter has to stop.† Having made this clear, let's consider and analyze the following scenario: A conceited young woman who is following the latest fashion wants to buy a new jacket made from animal skin, and human skin is in fashion for this year. A process has to be made, before the jacket reaches her wardrobe. A mighty corporation who specializes on human skin takes you into captivity. They place you in a twenty squared meters cell along with a hundred others. You don't get too much treatment. In fact you don't get any. You are being fed up just enough to survive and you are learning how to swim in a lake full of yours and others wastes. Hardly surviving, comes the day where some of the workers drag you out of the cell in order to skin you alive. Despite your loud cries, you are left skinless and thrown away to suffer a slow painful death. Consider for a moment all your feelings that would be resulted from the above scenario. Now pay attention because every single year 56 million animals killed for their fur worldwide. Let us look now at the other facts; * China is one of the world's largest suppliers. * Europe by itself is responsible for 70% of the fur breed. * In a year, more than 2 million cats and hundreds of thousands of dogs and seals are killed for their fur in the world. * The British government has banned fur farming in England and Wales in November 2000. * However, animals continue to be killed in many parts of the world. * The main reason of this is trade. * It takes as many as 40 animals just to make 1 fur coat, including coyotes, bobcats, lynxes, opossums, nutria, beavers, muskrats, otters, foxes, minks, bunnies, seals and raccoons. * Animals are often gassed, anally or genitally electrocuted, or poisoned, or their necks are broken. These methods are not always effective: some animals wake up while the skin is being torn off their bodies. * On fur farms, inquisitive and normally free-roaming animals such as foxes, minks and chinchillas spend their entire lives confined to tiny, filthy wire cages. There is a connection between who and what you are and what you make of yourself as a creature and the way in which you treat other living creatures, saying no to cruelty to animals and fur trade is to get closer to humanization again. Furthermore, many celebrities are against fur, such as; Michelle Obama, Charlize Theron, Twiggy Lawson, Sarah Jessica Parker, Pamela Anderson, Pink †¦ and so on. Some of them had very nice messages in their interview, for instance, Pink said â€Å"I've always felt that animals are the purest spirits in the world. They don't fake or hide their feelings and they are the most loyal creatures on the Earth. And somehow we humans think we are smarter- what a joke.† Animals are not ours to wear, walk on or carry our possessions in. Before animal skins reach store shelves, animals live a life of misery, pain, boredom and fear, and many are skinned alive. They suffer so much pain just so people can ‘try' to look all pretty and classy. I don't think its classy wearing fur and skin when you know what these poor animals have to go through for you to wear skin or fur! What are your feelings on this and why do you believe the way you do? Skinning animals can be characterized only as cruel and brutal. Well, we are not living in pre-historic age -when we needed- to have to kill animals to get dressed. Hence, people will not suffer from cold, as we have so many materials to wear for any kind of temperature. There is no reason to wear fur, except one which is â€Å"vanity†. These people who have a false sense of what fashion is want to be different from other people. However, it is only their ignorance that makes them stand out from others. We humans may be smarter than any other creatures in the world; however, I also think that we could be the most dangerous human beings on the earth who can kill animals for people to look stylish. How can someone do this to poor and helpless creatures? It is unbelievable. If you cannot stand seeing the violence with your own eyes, do not wear fur as clothes. There is an organization which is called â€Å"PETA† and their aim is to stop animal cruelty. They need your support. Please, right now rush your online donation generously and push everyone to do the same thing genuinely. Together, let's save more animals from slaughtered. It's time that fur in fashion went the way of the crop-top and the hair scrunchie: extinct. Do not forget, wearing fur means that you are the mutual of that savageness. We would like to see showcases get bloodless, what about you?

Literary Devices 15 Literary Elements With Examples Tips to Use Them

Literary Devices 15 Literary Elements With Examples Tips to Use Them Literary Devices: 15 Literary Elements With Examples Tips to Use Them All writing is made up of literary devices whether you realize it or not.But what if you could intentionally uplevel your writing, make it better, more impactful, and crafting it in a way to hook readers from the introduction?What would it mean for you if you were able to guide your readers in a specific direction and interpret your words the way you want them to?Using literary devices is exactly how you can do thatand well teach you how with our list of literary devices.Although the term literary devices can be a wee bit intimidating, theyre actually pretty simple.In fact, youre likely using a ton when writing your book that you dont even know youre utilizing- and well touch on which those are in a little bit.Here are 15 literary devices to use in your writing: NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self:Allusion Example 1: Careful, now. You dont want to go opening Pandoras Box.In this example, the allusion is Pandoras Box. Because this is a reference to a real 2: He was a real goodguy ball:Diction Example 1: I bid you adieu.The diction present here is formal diction, as most people dont use bid and adieu regularly in everyday speach.Diction Example 2: I remember her hair in particular, because it was on fleek!Here, fleek is a slang term used to describe a womans hair, which means its slang diction.#3 AlliterationAlliteration is a literary device that uses the same letters or sounds at the beginning of words in a sentence or title.There are many nursery rhymes that use alliteration but this is also useful for creating something memorable within your writing.You can also use alliteration when choosing the title of your book, as it makes it easier to remembe r, as you can see in the example of alliterative titles above.Alliteration Literary Device Example:Alliteration Example 1: She sells sea shells by the sea shore.In this example, alliteration is present in both the sh sound and the s sound.Alliteration Example 2: He was a real goodguy ball:Allegory Example: One of the most famous works using allegory is George Orwells Animal Farm. The perceived story is about a group of farm animals who rise up and defeat humans but the underlying story is about the Russian Revoluation.Using an allegory is often telling a darker story in a way thats easier to understand and for readers to receive.#5 ColloquialismOne way to increase the world building in your book is to use colloquialisms.Colloquialisms are expressions, words, and phrases that are used in informal, everyday speech, including slang.You can use these a couple of different ways. Firstly, you can use these as slang in the real world and secondly, you can even create your books own collo quialisms for their world and culture, and even when writing dialogue.Colloquialism Literary Device Example:Colloquialism Examples:Bamboozle to deceieveGonna going toBe blue to be sadBugger off go awayOver yonder over thereDa bomb the bestYou can create your own coloquialisms within your own world to increase the realism.#6 EuphemismWe tend to think of euphemisms as sexual euphemisms, which is how theyre often used. However, euphemisms are actually any terms that refer to something impolite or unpleasant.We create phrases or other words in order to avoid using the actual term because theyre impolite, rude, or indecent. Those alternatives are considered euphemisms.This is often why we think of sexual euphemisms when we hear of this literary device. Most individuals would rather make a much lighter comment when referring to something as indecent as sex, but the same case is made for when someone dies.Euphemism Literary Device Example:Euphemism Examples:Before I go before I die Do the dirty have sexRear:You can even use flashbacks as a plot device, like in the example below.For example, in Vicious by V.E. Schwab, she uses flashbacks as a recurring element in her book. Every other chapter goes back in time and then back to the present for the next chapter as a way to structure the story itself.So in this instance, Schwab is using this literary device to shape the entire narrative of her story instead of simply using it as a single piece, which is a unique take on flashbacks.#8 ForeshadowingForeshadowing is when the author places elements within the writing that gives clues about what will happen in the future of the story.These can often be small bits and pieces that some readers might not pick up on the first read through. They might even look back and realize that certain elements were foreshadowing once they hit the climax or a big plot twist was revealed.Foreshadowing can be both literal and thematic.You can write a scene where theres a conversation t hat the reader cant fully understand the meaning of until more is revealed.You can also write a scene that has symbolic elements that foreshadow events, like placing a black crow in a scene that foreshadows a death, as crows are symbolic of this.If you really want to up your creative writing, you can even create themes to foreshadow within your own world.As an example of this literary device, you can create a culture in which rabbits are a known sign of change and conspicuously place a rabbit in a later scene.Foreshadowing Literary Device Example:Foreshadowing Example 1:In Back to the Future, one of the clocks in the opening credits has actor Harold Lloyd from the silem film Safety First hanging from the minute hand. This foreshadows Doc Brown hanging from the Hill Valley clock tower later in the movie as he tried to send Marty McFly back to the 1980s.Foreshadowing Example 2: In The Avengers Tony Stark makes a comment about one of the ships engineers playing a game called Galaga as they all get together for the first time. The objective of the game in real life is to defend Earth from alien invaders, which is what happens later in the movie.#9 ImageryThis is one that we briefly touched on above and also one you likely learned in school, though it may have been a while since then so well give you a refresher.Imagery is when you use visually descriptive or figurative language in your writing. Think of it more like showing versus telling in writing where you use more sensory language versus blunt, plain words.You would also use stronger verbs in order to present stronger imagery in your writing.Get Your FREE Strong Verbs List HereOver 200 strong verbs and the weak ones they replace! Imagery Literary Device Example:Heres an example of imagery from Hannah Lee Kidders anthology, Little Birds:Notice how Kidder uses visuals to bring life to her words. Youre very easily able to picture where this scene takes place and exactly what those rocks look like.#10 PersonificationPersonification is a literary device where you give human:Imagery Example 1:The wind whistled past my ears like a familiar tune Id long forgotten.Imagery Example 2:The moon yanked a blanket of silver light over the forest.Imagery Example 3:Squatting in the corner was a felt chair covered in the dust and damp of abandonment.#11 Juxtaposition Juxtaposition means placing contrasting elements next to one another in order to emphasize one or both, including words, scenes, or themes.This literary device can sound overly fancy but its quite simple.Many times, authors will use juxtaposition in order to create a stronger emotional reaction from readers.Think of when a happy moment in a movie or book is follo wed by a sad, heart:Juxtaposition Example 1:It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness. A Tales of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.Juxtaposition Example 2:I hate loving you.Juxtaposition Example 3:You will soon be asked to do great violence in the cause of good. The Yellow Birds by Kevin Powers#12 Metaphor/SimileThis is the most popular literary device that has to be used with caution because if used too much, metaphors and similes can reek of cliches and amateur writing.Metaphors and similes are comparisons used to create better clarification and understanding for readers. While these are similar, theyre quite different.MetaphorA metaphor is a comparison between two things that are NOT alike and replaces the word with another word.SimileSimiles are comparisons between two things that are NOT like a nd replaces the word with another word but uses like or as within it.Metaphors VS Similes Examples:Metaphor Example 1:She was drowning in a sea of her own despair.Simile Example 1:It was like she was drowning in a sea of her own despair.Metaphor Example 2:His heart was lead, weighed down by the memory of what hed done.Simile Example 2:His heart was as heavy as lead, weighed down by the memory of what hed done.Literary devices are used to make your writing stronger. However, you dont have to use every single device out there. These are the best to strengthen your writing.#13 OnomatopoeiaWhile its name may be confusing, this literary device is actually easy to understand once you get past its difficult spelling.An onomatopoeia is a word or phrase that shows you the sound something makes. Since we cant hear books, this literary device is best used to paint a clear picture and include the sense of hearing in your writing.When using this literary element in writing, the correct formatti ng is almost always to have the word italicized to show emphasis of the sound.Onomatopoeia Literary Device Example:BuzzZapSplatBoomSplashZingCrankWhooshBangCreak#14 SymbolismEvery story uses symbolism in some way. This literary device is the use of a situation or element to represent a larger message, idea, or concept.Many times, authors use symbolism as a way to convey a broader message that speaks to more readers. You can also use symbolism to foreshadow what will happen later in the story.Symbolism Literary Device Example:Crows are used to symbolize a bad omen, like deathThe color purple symbolizes royaltyThe color red can symbolize death, struggle, power, passionSpiders can symbolize spying, sneaky, or untrustworthiness#15 ToneThe tone of a book is something that conveys the narrators opinion, attitude, or feelings about what is written.This literary device has the power to shape the entire narrative. For example, if you want to catch a reader off-guard when something traumati c or intense happens, keeping the tone light and humorous before the event can increase the sensation of shock and tension.Tone can guide your readers right into the emotion you want them to feel in a particular scene.Ready to start your book?Writing a good book is much harder than it may seemAnd its not just about the book, either- not if you want it to sell and do well, that is.

How to Get Your CDL in District of Columbia and Hawaii

How to Get Your CDL in District of Columbia and Hawaii This article is useful for anyone who wants to get your CDL in District of Columbia or Hawaii. If you want to learn about earning a CDL at other states, we have put together a comprehensive guide on how to get a commercial driver’s license in every state of the country. District of ColumbiaBefore you apply for a  CDL, you must possess a  noncommercial driver’s license and then get a CDL learner’s permit. A learner’s permit allows you to drive a commercial vehicles if  accompanied by someone with a valid CDL for that class.SEE ALSO:  How to Get Your CDL in Indiana, Iowa, and IllinoisGetting Your CDLSchedule your CDL road test by visiting the online services road test appointment scheduler.When you take the CDL road test, you must bring along  a driver with  a valid CDL of at least the same class as the vehicle you’ll be driving. You must also  bring the following items to your CDL road test appointment:A valid District of Columbia drive r’s licenseA CDL learner’s permitA valid and stamped U.S. Department of Transportation medical certification cardAn empty vehicle for testing that is the same type as your chosen CDL class, and a valid registration documentA valid driver’s license with a â€Å"G† (government) endorsement, if using a government vehicleAfter you successfully complete the road test, you may apply to upgrade from your learner’s permit to a CDL.Taking the TestsThe District of Columbia requires the following to get a CDL:Applicants must  correctly answer at least 80% of the questions to pass the knowledge testApplicants  must have enough on-road practice to pass the skills test in the  commercial vehicle type that they wish to be licensed forHawaiiHawaii is different from all other states in that you must be 21 years old to apply for a CDL.Here are the steps you must take to apply for a CDL:1. Provide  a passport-type photo. in color.2. Fill out a  CDL applicat ion.3. Provide a  current driver’s license, Social Security card, and certified birth certificate.4. Supply a DOT medical report.5. Pass an eye exam.6. Take and pass a  written general knowledge test and any of the written endorsement exams.After completing steps 1-6, you will be given  a CDL instruction permit. This allows you to practice driving  in the class of vehicle you intend to take your road test in under the supervision of a licensed commercial driver.7. Finally, you can then schedule and take the skills test, or on-road driving test.  The order of the tests is: pre-trip inspection; off-road; and road test.In Hawaii, a CDL is valid for up to 8 years. After that, you need to renew it. If you’re 72 or older, you need to renew it every 2 years.

Enterprise Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Enterprise Project - Essay Example Throughout the period of undertaking the project, I hope to learn several aspects from fellow colleagues. While in a leadership position, I wish to learn how to engage and empower people. Leadership by fear that arises from the traditional management system is flawed, and its productivity may be in doubt. I will also learn particular insights on how technology can influence the activities of the group. Finally, I will learn to embrace vulnerability through developing courage to be seen. I developed a major cash flow report for the group, which is very vital in tracking the fiscal progress of the enterprise. I have certain weaknesses of being a perfect debater who has a passion for work. I tend to question everything, and this slows down the execution processes. However, I have a particular skill to counter the weaknesses. I am a self-motivated, determined, success-oriented, and hardworking natural leader. The combination of these qualities may not make up a perfect profile, but they will guarantee success in the enterprise

The history of jazz in America before the 1900s Research Paper

The history of jazz in America before the 1900s - Research Paper Example Consequently, jazz is in many ways a symbol for the American idea of democracy3. The cortex of jazz comprises of numerous layers, varying from hard and soft, in that it is complex in structure and hard to take apart. However, the history appears displaced and the styles contradictory because one experiences a puzzling series of shifts in place, person and style. Those who mostly dominated in the music include important but actually unrelated figures in New York, Negroes in New Orleans and white musicians in Chicago. Although there is a disastrous split in jazz launched by the swing era and increased during the days of bebop with the alleged progressive jazz, upon looking and listening closely there is appearance of both order and continuity4. Therefore, jazz is a new genre of music with distinct rhythmic and melodic character, one that regularly involves improvisation of a minor type in changing tune’s phrases and accents but of a major sort in creating music ex- temporaneousl y, instantly. Consequently, there is alteration of melody or underlying chords in the course of creating jazz. In addition, according to a standard scheme the rhythmic valuations of notes may be syncopated or not, lengthened or shortened, or there may be no steady pattern of rhythmic variations provided a steady beat remains understood or clear. The beat which serves as a solid rhythmic base for the improvisation of soloists or groups playing eight or twelve measures, or some multiple or dividend thereof is mainly four quarter-notes to the bar5. The History of Jazz in America Before 1900 In British North America, almost 240,000 about 20 percent of the... The American people value and respect the development of jazz as a form of music. This is because they consider it as a form of expressing their national and cultural identity. This form of music has its roots in the early slaves from America. The main reason of referring to jazz as improvisional music is that it draws its musical and rhythmic styles strongly upon the ragtime, blues, gospel and other African-American styles. Jazz originated from New Orleans amongst the black population as the bequest of slave trade that mainly found the city the first port of call . The development of jazz in America was rather a slow process but ultimately growing in to the current famous jazz music. It has its roots from the African slaves taken from their homes to America. These slaves had a rich diversity in African Folk songs that they highly appreciated. Unfortunately, when they arrived in America, they were under very strict laws and regulations. Their masters did not allow them to practice an y other culture other than that of slaves. They did not allow these Africans to explore their music diversity. As they suffered in the hands of their masters, these slaves turned to music as a form of relief. This music developed for a long time and eventually became the popular jazz music. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, the American people considered jazz as an important form of music. This is because it became a way of expression and national identity

Corporate Social Responsibility Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Social Responsibility Movement - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the history of CSR in the UK had been a smooth one before the hurdles began making this one of the most difficult processes to undertake in the country. The aim was to provide a link between the corporate and the society, something that would see the regulation of activities within the required platforms. This would also see the growth of regulation based on the impact of transnational corporations that were setting base in the UK at the time. When the late nineteenth century saw a growing number of corporations in the world, the debate regarding the link between the corporations and the society became a debate that was in the public domain. The aim was to introduce new policies that would see most of these huge corporations share their profits with the society, or initiate new projects that would create and enhance regulation within the society. In the 1920s and 19230s, the main CSR strategies in place were trustee management that sough t to maximize wealth creation and growth of the community. From the 1930s to the 1970s, the corporate period was in motion and the UK companies took social responsibilities as the government did. The late 1970s saw the companies take up specific issues to handle, while the 1980s saw an increased responsiveness to community affairs. The 1990s and early millennium saw an increase in the CSR concepts as they became the base-point of completing other points of growth for the society as a whole. During the early twentieth century, companies were always working on meeting their demands while creating and enhancing new platforms that would see them prosper. However, this would imply redirecting their profits to other social causes as a means of meeting the key demands of the society. The main aim was to proceed with a new mentality that would see corporations in the UK grow further while still having the main ideas of the society in place. One problem that arose during the initial stages o f creating a strong CSR program at the time was the lack of a decisive definition of the term.

Area of knowledge Essay Example for Free

Area of knowledge Essay It can certainly be argued that though language and emotion play vital roles within any area of knowledge, it is within history that it manifests itself the clearest. History as an area of knowledge presents an opportunity to explore the implications of both language and emotion, and their effect on interpreting history. The understanding of such information is integral to resolving one of the key knowledge issues regarding history: the question of whether it is possible to attain or communicate knowledge through history that is free from filters and biases. The answer to this question is crucial to the further comprehension of what is history as a whole. But before examining language and emotion in the context of history, it is important to define what exactly these words are describing, and understand the values and limitations of both of these ways of knowing separately. Language is defined as a rule-governed, intended form of communication and is one of the main ways of attaining information of the external. It is useful for conveying concepts that are intangible, such as that of history. However, it is merely a tool, a vehicle by which information can travel, and is subject to ambiguity, vagueness, and bias. Emotion as a way of knowing is often defined as a mechanism which gives intuition and helps decision making, but is also commonly cited as an obstruction to knowledge. These two ways of knowing have a great impact upon the acquisition of knowledge in history. One could argue that without language, there would be no history or historical knowledge. Such a bold statement can be made for a variety of reasons, one being primarily that unlike emotion and sense perception, two others way of knowing, language is the most able tool in the transfer of knowledge across time. And unlike reason, language can qualitatively describe as well as outline the experiences of individuals in a way that reason cannot fully emulate. One does not need to be (or rather, cannot be) at the decisive Battle of Iwo Jima to know there was an Allied victory, knowledge that sense perception and emotion could not derive. The utility of language is that it enables us acquire knowledge of the external efficiently. This is not to say that language is the perfect mechanism for knowledge transfer in history. As stated above, language is a tool that, once interpreted, will lead to biases as both the sender and receivers paradigm will contribute to a certain predisposition regarding any topic spoken. It allows us to label and generalize, to set up a conceptual framework based on relativity. Arbitrary time frames can be set up within history, such as Before Common Era, which when considered seem quite useful in that it allows for quick citation, but is also perplexing. How exactly did people define the Common Era? To refer to a date in relation to the death of one man allows us to further question why this particular man was chosen. Again this ties into the bias with language, as anyone referencing BCE is undoubtedly predisposed towards Western thinking. Even I retain these biases as well, always confused momentarily whenever I am exposed to the time frame established in Thai culture, such as 2553 (which is coincidentally also referenced to the death of another man). It appears that although language can and does lead to historical knowledge in methods that other ways of knowing cannot, language can never lead to truly objective information precisely for the same reason that it is useful: it is all relative to the paradigm which one is under. The impact of labeling and generalizations also touches upon the realm of emotion and its effects upon history. The age-old adage proclaims that history is written by the victors1 and the victors will more often than not think positively about themselves but not of their opponents. For example, during my Thai history class, my teacher will go at great lengths to explain the courageous nature of the Thai people and the savagery of the Burmese for invading our land, and yet do a complete about face and call the occupation of Malaysia and Cambodia as a noble conquest. This invocation of pride and patriotism is a variety of emotion known as nationalism. And it is this nationalism, or a similar emotional feeling of loyalty, that has fueled much of current history. If language is the tool with which we talk about history, emotion is what caused us to talk about it in the first place. The statement that is being suggested is that the course of human civilization for the past ten thousand years can be charted with the emotions, on the basis that humans are not perfectly rational. Emotional attachments to kingdoms, countries, or governments caused many to go to war; scientific advances were fueled by the undying joy associated with innovation; Adam Smith proposed capitalism to compensate for the inherent greed within us all. Indeed, a more specific event would be the destruction of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001AD. The attack upon the US caused uproar, an escalation of foreign policy security, and a worsening of relations with the Middle East. The many religious motives for such an event leave no doubt that it was based off of emotion, but it remains unclear what the main cause was for. Again, it appears that to mark history as objective facts becomes increasingly hard as the subjective emotions that one has muddle the cause for events. One cannot state that a certain event in history occurred because of another singular event; rather, one must say that it was the amalgamation of these that caused any event. In essence, it appears that emotion and language both play a key role in history, one for it and one about it. However, it seems that these two ways of knowing interact with history in such a way as to make the objective deduction of historical knowledge difficult. Though one can argue that the imposition of conceptual frameworks and the emotionally fuelled decisions are not mutually exclusive with an objective history, it remains that within any human society there will exist a paradigm, a filter, a bias. And in these items will lay prejudice. A quote by Friedrich Nietzche summarizes this: To the extent that man has for long ages believed in the concepts and names of things as in aeternae veritates he has appropriated to himself that pride by which he raised himself above the animal: he really thought that in language he possessed knowledge of the world. We may pride ourselves on being more civilized than animals and for having language, but it is foolish to assume that with only these tools that we have gained any knowledge of the world apart from our own.

Inductive Knowledge Paradox Essay -- Philosophy Reasoning

In Nelson Goodman’s The new riddle of induction, the problem of inductive knowledge is brought into question and a collection of possible solutions are presented. The paradox of inductive knowledge has been misunderstood into bringing forth a radical ideology of relativism by philosophers such as Quine and a variety of other modern thinkers, however a possible solution presented by Hempel and a new version outlined in this paper present a different case all together concerning the acquisition of knowledge. In order to understand the new paradox presented in this paper the argument presented in the original raven paradox has to be made clear. The paradox of the raven stems from the belief that viewed scientific phenomena, in connection to a hypothesis in fact does not necessarily lead to truth but instead only serves to strengthen the held hypothesis regardless of what facts the evidence presents. The belief that all ravens are black under normal scientific standards is thought as being supported by the evidence of only black ravens being observed, in logic such a statement would be described as their being such a thing that it is a raven and it is black. From this statement a logically equivalent hypothesis can be made, if an object is not black it holds that it is not a raven, this statement unlike the initial hypothesis of all ravens being black however presents problems, all evidence of non-black objects seems to strengthen the prior held belief even though there is virtually no co nnection between all those possible objects and the raven. The observation of non-black things that are not-ravens strengthening the hypothesis unjustifiably is arguably showing how inductive reasoning is ungrounded in truth, however Hempel ... ...r a possible world, which itself is a problem. The issue of inductive knowledge is still one that remains unsolved, however in the various attempts at a solution the problem has changed from being one of a seemingly impossible actual knowledge to a further examination into a criterion of meaning. Because of the misinterpretation of this paradox there has been a great deal of confusion over the legitimacy of modern science however the paradox itself can be seen as only a matter of philosophy and is more concerned with the solution to a long standing philosophical puzzle then a critique of modern science. Works Cited Nelson Goodman, The new riddle of induction; knowledge readings in contemporary epistemology, oxford university press: 2005. Willard Quine, Two dogmas of empiricism; From a logical point of view 2nd edition, Harvard university press: 1980.